A podiatrist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foot and ankle disorders. These specialists understand the complex mechanics of the lower extremities, and they utilize diagnostic tools to develop comprehensive treatment plans. When ankle pain arises, a podiatrist can identify the cause, whether it’s an acute injury, chronic condition, or structural abnormality. Here’s information on different ankle injury possibilities and their symptoms:
Ankle Arthritis
Ankle arthritis is a degenerative condition that involves the wearing down of cartilage within the ankle joint. While many associate arthritis with aging, it often develops after a prior ankle injury. Arthritis usually develops after a severe fracture or repeated sprains damage the ankle joint over time. As the protective cartilage thins, bones can rub directly against one another, leading to symptoms that can get worse with movement, including:
- Stiffness
- Swelling
- Pain
Managing ankle arthritis often begins with conservative treatment measures. You might find relief through physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or custom orthotics that provide better joint support. When the arthritis is severe and nonsurgical methods fail to provide adequate relief, surgical intervention may become necessary. Ankle fusion surgery, or arthrodesis, involves fusing the ankle joint bones to eliminate motion and significantly reduce pain. This procedure converts a stiff, painful joint into a stable one, allowing you to return to low-impact activities.
Achilles Tendon Tear
The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone, and it is commonly susceptible to injury. A tear or rupture in this tendon can be debilitating and requires prompt medical attention. Achilles tendon tears often occur during activities that involve sudden acceleration, jumping, or pivoting. This tendon may weaken due to age or chronic inflammation (tendonitis) before it finally ruptures. Some factors that may increase your personal risk of getting a tendon tear include:
- Increasing Exercise Intensity Too Quickly
- Wearing Improper Footwear
- Having Tight Calf Muscles
Who May Need Surgery?
Not every Achilles tear requires surgical repair, but active individuals often benefit from it. Younger people and athletes who wish to return to high-level sports are typically candidates for surgery because it reduces the risk of re-rupture compared to non-surgical treatments. Older individuals or those with sedentary lifestyles might opt for non-surgical management, which involves immobilization in a cast or walking boot to allow the tendon to heal naturally over time.
What Is Repair Surgery Like?
During an Achilles tendon repair, a surgeon makes an incision near the heel to locate the torn ends of the tendon. Strong sutures are used to reattach the ends, restoring the tendon’s length and tension. In some cases where the damage is extensive, the surgeon might reinforce the repair with other tendons or synthetic materials. Following the procedure, a period of immobilization and rigorous physical therapy is fundamental to restoring strength and range of motion.
Mechanical Conditions
Structural abnormalities in the foot can have a profound impact on ankle health. Mechanical conditions such as flat feet or bunions alter the foot’s alignment, which in turn changes how forces are distributed through the ankle joint during walking. When the arch collapses in flat feet, the ankle may roll inward excessively, placing chronic stress on the soft tissues and ligaments supporting the joint. Severe bunions can similarly shift a person’s gait, leading to compensatory movements that may result in ankle pain or instability over time. Addressing these underlying mechanical issues is often a key component of preventing long-term ankle damage.
Learn More About Ankle Injury Treatments
Recognizing the early signs of ankle issues is fundamental for preventing long-term complications for your health. Persistent swelling, inability to bear weight, or chronic stiffness are indicators that a professional evaluation is needed. To learn more about ankle conditions and their treatments, schedule an appointment with a podiatrist today. If you are dealing with foot and ankle pain, conservative or advanced treatments can help restore your mobility and comfort.