A voice disorder is any condition that alters the quality, pitch, or volume of your voice, making it difficult to communicate effectively. These changes stem from various causes and affect the vocal folds in the larynx, or voice box. While a temporary hoarseness is common, persistent changes to your voice may indicate an underlying issue that requires professional attention. Understanding voice disorders and their signs can help you determine when it is appropriate to seek an evaluation. Here’s more information on voice disorders and how to recognize them:
Functional Voice Disorders
Functional voice disorders occur when the physical structure of the voice box is normal, but the muscles of the voice mechanism are used improperly or inefficiently. This category often includes conditions related to vocal overuse or misuse. Individuals who use their voices extensively in their profession, such as teachers or singers, may develop vocal strain-related issues.
The presentation of a functional voice disorder can vary. You might experience a voice that sounds hoarse, breathy, or strained, and you may feel fatigue when speaking. In some cases, your voice may cut out unexpectedly or lose its range. These symptoms develop because incorrect vocal habits put stress on the vocal folds, even without causing physical damage.
Organic Voice Disorders
Organic voice disorders are caused by a physical change or abnormality in the structure of the larynx. These issues can be structural, resulting from growths or inflammation, or neurogenic, stemming from problems with the nerves that control the vocal folds. Neurological voice disorders arise from conditions that affect the nervous system, such as strokes, Parkinson’s disease, or nerve damage. These disorders require a different diagnostic approach.
Structural organic disorders can develop from various sources. Polyps, nodules, or cysts can form on the vocal folds, often from vocal strain or trauma, but other causes include:
- Inflammation From Acid Reflux
- Infections
- Exposure To Irritants
The impact of an organic voice disorder depends on the specific condition. A growth on a vocal fold can prevent it from vibrating properly, which often results in a persistently hoarse, raspy, or low-pitched voice. Neurogenic conditions can cause vocal fold paralysis or weakness, leading to a breathy voice and difficulty projecting.
How To Recognize You Need a Specialist
Knowing when to seek help is a fundamental step in addressing a voice disorder, so you should think about consulting a specialist if you experience any vocal change that lasts for more than two to three weeks. Key signs to make note of include persistent hoarseness, a change in pitch, a complete loss of voice, or pain when speaking. If your voice quality is negatively impacting your professional life or personal interactions, seeking an evaluation is recommended. Other indicators include a voice that tires easily, a recurring need to clear your throat, or a feeling of a lump in your throat. A specialist can perform a thorough examination to identify the cause of the problem and offer appropriate guidance.
Schedule a Consultation With a Specialist
If you’re experiencing changes to your voice, scheduling a consultation with a specialist is an effective way to address concerns. An otolaryngologist, or ear, nose, and throat doctor, can provide a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis. Early assessments help identify issues, and a specialist can develop a management plan to restore your vocal function.
