A gastroenterologist plays a key role in the early detection and prevention of colon cancer through structured screening and diagnostic testing. Routine screening helps identify precancerous polyps or cancer early, when treatment is most effective. Here is more information on how a gastroenterologist screens for colon cancer:
When Is Screening Needed?
A gastroenterologist evaluates several factors when determining the right time for you to begin screening. The general recommendation for people with average risk is to start regular screening at age 45, but your doctor will review your personal medical history to see if you need to start sooner. Family history plays a key role in this decision-making process. If a close relative had colon cancer or polyps, your GI doctor may recommend starting screening earlier. They will also ask about your personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. Your doctor also evaluates your current health status and the symptoms you may have.
Which Screening Tests Are Used?
There are different ways to screen for colon cancer, and they fall into two main categories: visual exams and stool-based tests. Your gastroenterologist will explain the benefits of each, but the following are the primary methods used:
- Colonoscopy: During this exam, the doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera to check for polyps, which can be removed immediately if found.
- Stool DNA Test: This non-invasive test analyzes a stool sample for altered DNA that may indicate the presence of cancer or pre-cancerous polyps.
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): This test detects hidden blood in stool, which can be an early sign of cancer.
- CT Colonography: This method uses X-rays and computers to produce images of the colon.
Your digestive health doctor will help you choose the test that fits your risk level and preferences, but a colonoscopy remains the most comprehensive option.
What Happens During a Colonoscopy?
If you and your doctor decide on a colonoscopy, knowing what happens during the process helps you prepare. It involves three distinct phases, and each one is fundamental to a successful exam:
- Bowel Preparation: Before the exam, you will drink a prescribed liquid laxative the day before, and you must stay near a bathroom as it clears your system.
- The Procedure: You receive sedation to make sure you are comfortable, and the doctor inserts the colonoscope to inspect the colon.
- Recovery: After the procedure, you stay in a recovery area until the sedation wears off.
Most patients feel normal the next day and can return to their regular diet and activities immediately.
What Happens After Screening?
Once the screening is complete, your gastroenterologist reviews the findings with you. If the results are negative, it means no abnormalities were found, and you may not need another screening for a while. If the doctor finds polyps, they are usually removed during the colonoscopy and sent to a lab for testing. The type and number of polyps determine when you need your next exam, which could be in three to five years. Prevention continues after the screening through lifestyle choices. Eating a diet high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables supports colon health; maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol consumption also lowers your risk.
Consult a Gastroenterologist Today
Colon cancer screening is a significant tool for maintaining your health and preventing serious illness. Detecting problems early helps you and your doctor manage risks effectively. Contact a qualified gastroenterologist near you to schedule your consultation today.
