Vaginal health is a key component of overall well-being. Many women experience changes in vaginal discharge, odor, or comfort at some point in their lives. While these changes can sometimes be normal, they may also signal a common condition known as bacterial vaginosis (BV). Understanding the nature of this condition and recognizing BV symptoms is the first step toward managing it and knowing when professional medical advice is appropriate.
What Is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis is a type of vaginal inflammation caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. A healthy vagina contains a mix of many different bacteria, with “good” bacteria, like lactobacilli, typically outnumbering “bad” bacteria, known as anaerobes. When the number of anaerobes increases and upsets the natural balance, bacterial vaginosis can develop. The condition is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), though it is more common in sexually active individuals. It can affect women of any age, but it is most prevalent during the reproductive years.
What Are BV Symptoms?
Many individuals with bacterial vaginosis do not notice any symptoms. When BV symptoms do appear, they can vary from person to person. One of the most distinct indicators is a thin, watery discharge that may be gray or white in color. Another frequently reported symptom is a strong, fish-like odor, becoming more noticeable after sexual intercourse.
Some women may also experience itching or irritation in the vaginal area, while others report a burning sensation during urination. It is useful to note that BV does not typically cause significant pain or swelling. Recognizing these specific signs can help differentiate BV from other conditions, like yeast infections.
How Is It Treated?
Once a healthcare provider diagnoses bacterial vaginosis, treatment is generally straightforward and effective. A diagnosis is typically made after a physical examination. This may involve taking a sample of vaginal fluid to examine or to check the vaginal pH level.
The standard treatment for BV involves prescription antibiotics. These medications work to rebalance the vaginal flora by reducing the number of harmful bacteria. Antibiotics can be administered in a few different forms, including oral pills that are swallowed or as a gel or cream that is applied directly inside the vagina. A healthcare provider will determine the most suitable treatment option based on a patient’s medical history and specific situation. It is necessary to complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve quickly, to fully resolve the condition and reduce the chance of recurrence.
Meet With a Gynecologist
If you experience symptoms consistent with bacterial vaginosis, seeking a professional medical evaluation is a sound course of action. A gynecologist can perform the necessary tests to provide an accurate diagnosis and rule out other infections. An accurate diagnosis leads to appropriate and effective treatment. Left untreated, BV has been associated with certain health complications, including an increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and a higher risk of premature delivery for those who are pregnant. A gynecologist can offer a personalized treatment plan and provide guidance on preventing future episodes.
