Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that damages the optic nerve, primarily due to fluid buildup in the front part of the eye. This excess fluid elevates intraocular pressure (IOP) above normal levels; this pressure harms the nerve responsible for vision. Understanding the mechanisms of these treatments is helpful for patients navigating their diagnosis.
Understanding Glaucoma
Glaucoma typically occurs when the eye’s natural drainage system fails to function. Fluid accumulates in the front section of the eye, which causes internal pressure to rise significantly. This increased intraocular pressure (IOP) directly impacts the health of the optic nerve. Without proper drainage, the optic nerve sustains damage that can lead to permanent vision loss. The disease often progresses slowly; many patients experience no early symptoms until vision loss has already occurred.
Maintaining regular eye check-ups is recommended. Early diagnosis allows healthcare providers to initiate treatment before irreversible vision loss occurs, increasing the chances of preserving sight over time. Consistent monitoring helps detect subtle changes in intraocular pressure or optic nerve health; a routine schedule enables doctors to tailor interventions promptly if needed. Age, family history, and underlying medical conditions can all contribute to a person’s risk.
Diagnosing Drainage Issues
Specialists first identify the specific type of glaucoma and the severity of the drainage problem. Doctors initially measure eye pressure using tonometry, as a high-pressure reading often serves as the first sign of the disease. After this initial check, gonioscopy allows the specialist to examine the drainage angle clearly. This examination determines if the patient suffers from open-angle glaucoma, where the drain works inefficiently, or closed-angle glaucoma, where the drain is blocked. A visual field test checks for blank spots in vision, while optical coherence tomography measures the health of the optic nerve directly. These diagnostic tools help doctors decide if medication or other interventions are helpful to lower pressure.
Exploring Treatment Options
Eye drops serve as the first line of treatment for managing glaucoma in many patients. These medications work to lower intraocular pressure, but they must be used consistently to remain effective. If drops alone cannot manage the pressure, specialists may recommend laser treatments or surgery to improve drainage. Surgery becomes an option when drops and lasers fail to control the fluid buildup that causes pressure to rise. Recent advances also include the iStent, which is a device indicated for use during cataract surgery to assist with pressure management.
Close collaboration between the patient and eye care provider remains helpful for achieving the best treatment results. Adherence to prescribed medication schedules is helpful because missed doses can result in fluctuating pressure levels and reduced treatment effectiveness. Open communication allows patients to discuss challenges or side effects, making it possible for providers to refine the treatment plan as needed.
Find a Clinic
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness for people over 60, yet approximately half of the three million Americans with the condition do not know they have it. Whether through eye drops, lasers, or surgical interventions like the iStent, the goal remains the preservation of remaining vision. Patients who undergo regular screening and adhere to their prescribed treatment plans can successfully manage the disease and avoid permanent blindness. Find a clinic near you today to get your eyes checked.
